Explain in detail the state of insurgency a North Eastern India

Politicians with business interests and rebels control development efforts financed by the state and the national government of India to help the area’s villages. Programs such as the public distribution system of food grains and temporary minimum wage jobs for the poor are run by local politicians and bureaucrats. They, in turn, route the programs and the money for them through businesses that are linked to terrorist groups, which assist the politicians with their election aims.

At least seven people including six Assam Police personnel were killed and over 50 others injured in a clash between forces of the state and Mizoram last month. Moreover, the most violent and active group , the GNLA despite facing reverses, continues to operate, though at significantly diminished strength. Of the six militants killed in the State in 2017, five belonged to GNLA, while one was the ‘commander in chief’ of then recently disbanded United Achik Liberation Army , identified as Singbirth N. Marak alias Norok X. Momin.
Union home minister Amit Shah, who is on a two-day visit to Arunachal Pradesh from Saturday, said the MHA has prepared a three-pronged plan for creating a dispute-free, insurgency and weapon-free developed northeast India. Assembly elections in the two Christian-majority northeastern states of Meghalaya and Nagaland will be held on February 27. The party has given a ticket to a woman candidate in Nagaland where not a single woman has become an MLA ever since the state came into existence on December 1, 1963 as the 16th state of the Indian Union.

It traces the dynamics of development of the state fragility syndrome among the northeast Indian states. In May 2010, a leader of the HNLC, Pariston Pakyntein was apprehended by the Border Security Force near Dawki along the India-Bangladesh border. Involved in several cases of extortion and murder, he was finally handed over to the Meghalaya Police along with  other cadre he had crossed over from Bangladesh with, in order to carry out extortion in the Meghalaya coal belt.
One provision gives the government authority to issue orders to block online content “in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of India, defense of India, security of the State, and friendly relations with foreign states or public order” without court approval. The central and state governments and armed forces investigated complaints and punished some violations committed by government forces. While NHRC guidelines call for state governments to report all cases of deaths from police actions to the NHRC within 48 hours, state governments did not consistently adhere to those guidelines. The NHRC also called for state governments to provide monetary compensation to families of victims, but the state governments did not consistently adhere to this practice. Authorities did not require the armed forces to report custodial deaths to the NHRC. According to human rights NGOs, some police used torture, mistreatment, and arbitrary detention to obtain forced or false confessions.

Indian authorities believe that the HNLC distributes and promotes the circulation of fake currencies in the State, assisted by Pakistan’s Inter Services Intelligence . The NSCN has also cemented linkages with China and Myanmar, and utilizes the money earned from narcotics and weapons trafficking to build safe havens, train its cadres, and expand its reach across South East Asia. According to analysts, this allows HNLC to also enjoy close ties with, and the resultant benefits  of, these illegal trading networks.
Enforcement of safety and health standards was poor, especially in the informal sector but also in some formal sector industries. Penalties for violation of occupational safety and health standards range from a fine of 100,000 rupees ($1,600) to imprisonment for up to two years, but they were not sufficient to deter violations. State governments enforced labor law and employed labor inspectors, while the Ministry of Labor and Employment provided oversight and coordination. The amended law establishes a penalty in the range of 20,000 rupees ($320) to 50,000 rupees ($800) per child employed in hazardous industries.
The government has made efforts to address insurgency issues through peace talks and development initiatives. Development in the whole northeastern state needed to address the root cause of insurgency and ensure lasting peace and stability in the region. Mizoram is a landlocked northeastern region of our country that shares 722 km long international border with Myanmar and Bangladesh while in the north it is surrounded by Manipur, Assam, and Tripura. Manipur is located south of Nagaland with its eastern boundary contagious with Myanmar and prior to independence, it enjoyed higher degree of autonomy under Manipur Maharaja.

The National Union of Journalists India and others have condemned Bhowmik’s death and called for a journalist protection act to provide safety for journalists. The constitution provides for freedom of speech and expression, but it does not explicitly mention freedom of the press. The government generally respected these rights, although there were instances in which the government allegedly pressured or harassed media outlets critical of the government. Internally displaced person camps continued to operate in Chhattisgarh for tribal persons displaced during the 2005 fighting between Maoists and the subsequently disbanded state-sponsored militia Salwa Judum. The UAPA also allows use of evidence obtained from intercepted communications in terrorist cases. In the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, and Manipur, security officials have special authorities to search and arrest without a warrant.
Taking a cue from the NSCN strategy, other major militant groups too have  formed criss-crossing coalitions. The impact of stagnant economy and poor growth of white collar jobs is being felt in increasing militancy in the state. By 2015 Meghalaya already had 43,000 government employees, and the option of further expansion is no longer available. The local youth must employ themselves elsewhere, as government jobs are saturated, for which they must be mentally prepared to become entrepreneurs. Unfortunately most youth want to get government jobs, which has high social status as it ensures safety and often opportunities for bribes.

The law hindered transparency and accountability with regard to electronic surveillance. According to a government report quoting NCRB provisional data for 2016, Minister of State for Home Affairs Ahir cited 30 registered cases in violation of the law in 2016 compared with nine in 2015. The government continued efforts to reduce lengthy detentions and alleviate  prison overcrowding by using “fast track” courts, which specified trial deadlines, provided directions for case management, and encouraged the use of bail. Some NGOs criticized these courts for failing to uphold due process and requiring detainees unable to afford bail remain in detention.
When anti-Muslim carnage broke out in the western state in 2002, I realised how lack of adequate policing could leave immense harmful impact. On the other hand, insurgency in two other states Manipur and Meghalaya have thrived or continued to persist with their own peculiarities. The tribal-non tribal relationship is very sensitive and issues of joblessness etc keep visiting people's mind.

It is seen that the wife is not allowed to eat with her husband by sharing the same curry or any other eatables. During her menstrual cycle of 5 days, she is not allowed to enter to kitchen, prepare food and even touch utensils. In other times, she is equally prevented from the mentioned activities unless she has taken a bath.
Tirap and Changlang is an important conduit to the rich oil, coal and tea belt of Upper Assam, and with extortion as the primary aim, the insurgent groups have an important stake in keeping the causeway alive. There was an announcement in 2010 by the Indian home minister that a full-scale operation would be launched against the insurgents in the two districts, but this has not yet translated into reality. C) Insurgency in Meghalaya was confined to activities such as extortion and kidnapping.